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ADDRESS 



DELIVERED BEFORE THE 



READING ROOM SOCIETY 



ST. MAEY^S COLLEGE, 



Twenty-second of February, 1841. 



B Y HARRY T. HAYS, 

OF MISSISSIPPI. 



BALTIMORE: 
PRINTED BY JOHN MURPHY, 

146 MARKET STREET. 



E2>a 



February 22, 1S41. 
Dear Sir: 

We offer you many thanks for the kindness with which you have complied 
with our request to deliver hefore the Reading Room Society an Address on 
the birth-day of the Father of our country. 

We cannot give you a better proof of the opinion we have of the ability 
with which it was delivered, and of the impression which it made on the minds 
of your hearers, than to say, that we are commissioned by the unanimous voice 
of the Society to request that you would favor us with a coj)y of it for publica- 
tion. 

Yours sincerely, 

JOHN H. THOMAS, 1 

WM. C.SHAW, Jr. [c^^uee. 

B. RODRIGUEZ, ( 

H. DESOBRY, J 



To THE Committee. 

February 23, 1S41. 

Gentlemen : 

In furnishing you with a copy of the Address delivered yesterday, I take 
this opportunity of returning through you, to the Society which you represent, 
my sincere thanks lor the honors which they have chosen to confer upon me. 
I am, gentlemen, with sincere regard, 

Your obedient servant, 

HARRY T. HAYS. 



ADDRESS. 



Gentlemen and Fellow Students : 

In accepting the pleasing task which your kindness has 
imposed upon me, 1 cannot but feel embarrassed, from a deep 
sense of my inability to address you in a manner suitable to so 
august an occasion, or adequately expressive of the feelings 
which it is so eminently calculated to inspire. The practice of 
celebrating this day in a particular manner, has been sanctioned 
by the unanimous voice of the American people ; nor need I 
undertake to show you that such celebrations tend to perpetuate 
a familiar knowledge of the means by which our country was 
erected into a republic ; to inspire us with a true love of liberty 
and a jealous care of our republican institutions. Festive days 
in honor of heroes have been celebrated by all nations and 
throughout all ages, and the fruits arising from their observance 
are manifold and rich. They carry us back to the days on 
which the glorious deeds which we celebrate were performed. 
The virtues which time in its rapid march, perhaps in some 
degree shrouded in the mists of the past, are brought fresh to our 
melnory. Our souls hold communion with the best spirits of 
other days; we catch the impulse which stimulated them to 
deeds of worth, and resolve to imitate the nobleness of their 
example. 

Glancing at the records of the past, we behold, in the warmth 
of our admiration, innumerable examples of the statesman and 
soldier crowned with honor and trumpeted by fame ; but history 
does not produce a single example of a subject so worthy the 
gratitude and honors of his countrymen, or of mankind at large, 
as the individual whose virtues we are this day assembled to 
commemorate. The name of Washington has gone forth to 
every nation ; his virtues have become the theme of every tongue, 
and in his life all may find a model for fearless and proud 
imitation. No longer are his countrymen permitted to claim 
him as their exclusive property. His character is the common 



b A D D R T<: S S . 

inheritance of all mankind. Have we not then reason to rejoice, 
gentlemen, that it was our own beloved country which gave birth 
to a man whose fame has rolled even beyond the limits of civili- 
zation ? that it was for our sake (hat these almost super-human 
virtues were exercised r Where is the American whose bosom 
beats with the transports of patriotism, who will not with rapture 
avow that he has many causes to rejoice, that his is the proud 
prerogative of being styled the son of Washington ? Our grati- 
tude, great as it may be, must necessarily fall far short of his 
real merit. He gave us the most valuable treasure that a nation 
can possess. He gave us that for the attainment of which thou- 
sands of heroes have poured out their blood ; that which millions 
have desired, but few have dared to assert, and fewer still have 
obtained. In a word, he gave us our freedom; he gave us a 
republic which has stood whilst th. rones have been overturned, 
sceptres broken and empires prostrated in the dust; a republic 
whose star-spangled banner floats triumphant over sea and land, 
whose dominion extends from the Northern Lakes to the Gulf of 
Mexico — from the Atlantic to the far Pacific. Yes, gentlemen, 
this country which less than a century ago, was but an humble 
colony of England, can now vie with that proud people in the 
ubicjuity of their commerce, and the glory, if not the usurpation 
of their arms. In our ports we are struck with the beauty of 
the prospect. Our bays are chetjuered with the vessels of all the 
civilized nations of the earth ; their sails whiten our waters and 
their unfurled flags sport with delight in the breeze which is 
wafted from the shores of a happy and independent people. 
Through every sea 

" Our merchant now pursues his gain, 
And roams securely over the boundless main." 

I may revert for a moment to the glory of our arms, and the 
more gladly, because it is a glory not won by invasion nor by 
conquest, but by resistance upon our own soil, as brave men in 
a righteous cause. The theme has been familiar to us since our 
childhood. Often has " narrative old age" beguiled the tedious 
hours of a winter eve by recounting to an infantine group, the 
exploits and the triumphs of their worthy sires. Those heroes 
Avlu) have lingered are fast departing fiom amongst us, but their 
memories shall not sink with them into the silent tomb. Annu- 



• ADDRESS. 7 

ally shall we assemble to proclaim to an admiring world, the 
bravery of that immortal phalanx; annually, hand in hand shall 
we approach the consecrated altars of Liberty to lay thereon our 
hallowed offerings. As each returning year ushers in this festive 
morn, spreading before our fancy the historic virtues of the great 
and good, our hearts glowing with enthusiastic emotions, shall 
swell the joyous outbursts of a nation's gratitude and make the 
air resound with the sainted name of Washington. To all the 
world we shall pass as our watchword the name of him, who 
towering far above the boldest leader of any Macedonian cohort, 
is proclaimed in simple, but comprehensive praise, — "first in 
war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen." 

Never can we sufficiently admire Washington's bravery and 
skill in battle, his wisdom and prudence in council, or his devoted 
and unflinching patriotism whether in war or peace. When the 
dark cloud of the revolution overshadowed our country ; when 
war desolated the fairest portions of her soil, and drenched her 
fields in blood ; when her hardy yeomanry, trembling for the 
liberty, which they ever guarded with jealousy, left the peaceful 
ploughshare to meet the invading foe and repel him from their 
shores ; then it was that a man of bravery, prudence and wisdom, 
was required to lead them to the assault, and direct the force of 
their arms. The period was a fearful one. It was easily fore- 
seen that the struggle would be long and bloody. The enemy 
had all the requisites for a protracted contest, whilst our brave 
ancestors were utterly destitute. No arms had they — no ammu- 
nition — no regular drilled forces ; in fine, nothing but the will 
and determination "to do or die." At this doubtful crisis, when 
the prayers of desponding thousands reached the ear of Omnipo- 
tence, a heated fancy might almost imagine, that the Angel of 
Liberty, descended through the clouds which overhung our 
horizon and placed the wreath upon the brow of our Washing- 
ton, bidding the heaven-guided hero to battle in the just cause 
of his country, trusting in the indignation of a young but gigantic 
people, led on to victory by the God of Battles. Then it was 
that hurling our memorable declaration at the tyrants who would 
have ground us to the dust, our illustrious hero summoned the 
oppressors to the arbitrament of our wrongs, and the full and 
triumphant overthrow of British domination, struck down the 
abuses of the past and placed upon an immoveable foundation 



8 ADDRESS. 

the inalienable rights of man. It is not my intention to recount 
the various fortunes, trials and difficulties attending our great 
struggle for independence. The rehearsal of these sublime, but 
sometimes doleful scenes, is unnecessary. The history of our 
country tells us, that Washington was the soul of the revolu- 
tion ; that its darkest periods could not depress his spirit or 
unnerve his energy; and that the result upon vv^hich depended 
the happiness or misery of millions, was owing to his undaunted 
courage, prompt skill and unerring judgment. Numerous and 
striking examples might be adduced, illustrative of Washing- 
ton's military character, his patience, his foresight, his fortitude 
and greatness of soul. It will suffice however to allude to the 
battle of Trenton, inasmuch as the circumstances which sur- 
rounded and accompanied it, placed it high, as an achievement, 
over the most brilliant struggles of numbers and chivalry. This 
victory obtained after so many hardships, difficulties and dangers, 
seemed to give a fresh impulse to the dying energies of the revo- 
lution, and Washington then saw through the mist which ob- 
scured our liberties, a light in heaven prognosticating by its 
brilliancy, the future glory and power of his country. When 
we consider the deserted and hopeless condition to which the 
American army was reduced on that occasion ; when we picture 
to ourselves that gallant little band of half-starved and half-naked 
soldiers, at the dark hour of midnight contending with the ice of 
the Delaware and the fury of the heavens, which poured upon 
them their mingled volumes of snow, hail and rain — then march- 
ing barefoot upon the cold and frozen ground to drive a haughty 
foe from his place of imagined security, our hearts are filled with 
sentiments of tlie deepest respect and veneration, for those who 
thus freely braved the greatest perils to secure their country's 
freedom, and for the mighty spirit which directed and sustained 
their zeal and valor. It is almost impossible to trace their noble 
deeds of daring and the perseverance with which they followed 
their leader, as he, at one time, encourages their sad hearts with 
words of consolation ; at another stands between them and the 
uplifted weapon of his enem}^ — now stopping to administer the 
last solace to the expiring patriot, now flying to the rescue of his 
friends and disputing every inch of ground which fair freedom 
claims as her own. 

I need not recount to you the tlirilling incidents of Princeton, 



ADDRESS. 9 

Monmouth and Brandywine; nor need I conduct you in imagi- 
nation through the blood-stained field, that you may yourselves 
hear the din of war and the clash of arms. All this you have 
learned from grateful tradition and the faithful pen of the histor- 
ian. Peace now stretches her pinions over our happy land. Our 
Hero led us to the field of Yorktown, where the blood of the 
brave sealed our independence. He dispelled the cloud that 
darkened every prospect and struck off the fetters from the arms 
of the sons of liberty. All is peace ! No more do you hear the 
terrific war-whoop. No longer do you see " the savage hell- 
hounds of horrid war," urged on by their scarcely less unfeeling, 
though christian allies, raise in their vengeance, the fatal toma- 
hawk over the heads of the unoffending wife and infant. Yes, 
our land is free — 

" From end to end, from cliff to lake 'tis free ! 
Free as our torrents are that leap our rocks. 
And plough our valleys, without asking leave ; 
Or as our peaks tliat wear their caps of snow. 
In veiy presence of the regal sun!" 

But, gentlemen, in discharging the duties of this day, let us 
pay a passing tribute of respect to the memory of those whose lot 
it was to fall, ere they saw the sun of liberty shedding its bril- 
liant light over America, for they claim union of hearts with 
their commander. Illustrious men! though an untimely death 
prevented you from beholding the picture of happiness, one day 
to be enjoyed by your more fortunate companions, still you live 
in our hearts, and your names will be handed down with rever- 
ence to an admiring posterity. Yes, you will live in our hearts, 
and your actions and virtues will never cease to claim from all 
Americans a grateful remembrance. Bunker Hill and Saratoga, 
Camden and Eutaw, Yorktown and the Cowpens, will always 
recall by the mention of them, thoughts of the good men and true, 
who went there to an untimely rest, and of the days in which the 
very youth, whose strength was scarceh' equal to the task of 
handling the musket, swore by the patriotic blood which flowed 
from the wounds of those veterans, to avenge the wrongs of 
Liberty and of themselves. They died, but their last words 
were the words of freemen — encouraging, ere they sunk into 
their eternal sleep, their friends who surrounded them, to go on 

B 



10 ADDRESS. 

and battle in their country's cause. Their last breath was spent 
in humble supplications to the throne of mercy, for a successful 
issue. Heaven proved propitious, and smiled on the virtuous 
efforts of Washington and the brilliant constellation of heroes 
that remained. Success crowned their glorious undertaking, and 
tyranny was humbled. Then it was that the American eagle 
soared triumphant ; then were we called upon to love our coun- 
try, because she had gained what was worthy of our love. 

There is something so grateful in the duty of rendering justice 
to the m.emory of good men, whose lights were extinguished in 
the blood of the battle-field, where they stood firm for the right, 
that I might go on, connecting with the praise of Washington, 
homage to his departed associates. But it is unnecessary to follow 
him and them farther in their military career. Already have we 
seen our little bark ride triumphant o'er the billows of the stormy 
ocean, and bid defiance to England's prowess. We have seen 
our gallant leader spurn her power, and raise in triumph the 
standard of liberty — the idol of every just man's heart. Let us 
now view him in the character of a statesman. Here we are at 
once struck with his devotion to the interest, the union and the 
harmony of the youthful republic. His active and untiring dis- 
charge of all the duties imposed upon him by his country; his 
tender care for her future happiness and prosperity ; and above 
all, the bright and unaffected examples which he has left of the 
impartiality with which he administered justice to all, are too 
deeply impressed upon the memory of his grateful sons, to be 
ever forgotten. Indeed, the course which he pursued in his 
political life could not fail to command and win the confidence 
of his countrymen. His actions were ever open to scrutiny ; and 
as no fear of censure could prevent him from publishing his 
opinions, so likewise no measures were ever proposed by him, 
with the view of serving any party purpose, but from a deep 
conviction that they were sound in principle and were calculated 
to promote the true and lasting welfare of his country. Through- 
out his whole political career, his course was characterized by a 
decided, independent and manly tone. His countrymen could 
not mistake his views. They trusted to the sincerity of his 
motives and the vigor of his judgment ; his final decisions always 
bearing the impress of consummate prudence. After having thus 
served his country for forty-five years, in the capacity both of a 



ADDRESS. 11 

soldier and a statesman, with an unblemished character, he sought 
in the bosom of his family, that sweet repose which he had so 
long desired, but which his patriotism had not yet permitted him 
to enjoy. And even to his residence upon his own beloved 
Mount Vernon, he was followed by all the gratitude, veneration 
and love, that a devoted country could bestow on one of whom 
she was so justly proud, and whom she loaded with all her 
honors. If we accompany Washington to his retirement, we 
shall not find less to admire in his private than in his public life. 
If in the one he was firm, untiring and independent, in the other 
he was affable, courteous and dignified. As the head of a family, 
he was mild and affectionate ; as a friend, true and faithful ; and 
to his many other brilliant qualities we may add, that he was a 
christian — fervent without fanaticism, and illustrating his princi- 
ples by his practice. Such were the qualities constituting the 
greatness of that illustrious man — the most illustrious, unques- 
tionably, who ever did exist, and of whom, perhaps, it has been 
as truly as beautifully said by a writer: "That nature threw 
away the mould in which she made her Washington." Gentle- 
men, all that was perishable of our Washington has long since 
shared the common lot of man, and his unsullied spirit has 
winged its way to the mansions of reward and repose. Not 
content with bequeathing to us his virtues and his fame as a 
legacy, ever remembered and ever instructive, his patriotism 
induced him to leave behind him a written transcript of his wis- 
dom. To that as to the enduring echo of a mighty voice which 
is silent, statesmen of all nations and of all times to come, may 
hearken with pleasure and instruction. Among the many salu- 
tary counsels which he has left in that sacred legacy, there is 
none which he would have more lastingly impressed upon our 
minds, than the great importance of the national union to the 
permanent happiness of the republic. The union he has repre- 
sented as the solid foundation upon which rests our prosperity, 
our happiness and our liberty. Separate the North from the 
South — the East from the West, and the proud fabric which 
liberty has erected, must crumble to the dust, and in its stead 
will rise the gorgon horror of despotism. A government founded 
upon principles similar to ours, and extending over a tract of 
territory so immense, must have all its parts closely linked to- 
gether ; it must stand firm and unshaken by the winds of jea- 



12 ADDRESS 



f lousy, or the country \\ hicl) it is ilesiuned to bless must fall from 

;' the eminent condition in which you now behold her, and give 

!" room for the enemies of free principles to rejoice at her over- 

throw and scofl' at the ignorance of her rulers. Nor, gentlemen, 
were the ever watchful eyes of Washington closed even to the 
\ future storms that might darken her prospects. He scanned the 

i . various clouds which overhung her, and wept to see that party 

; spirit might prove her greatest enemy ; that it might ruffle the 

I ocean as yet calm, and dash upon its roaring surge the bark of 

I Liberty, perhaps to destruction. How far these predictions have 

been verified, you, gentlemen, can see; yes, and see too with 
emotions too deep to be described. You have but to lament the 
past and dread the future. 

What mean these crowds that continually throng our streets ? 
What their shouts and acclamations.'' Gentlemen, they are the 
demons of America; they are the harbingers of her disunion, of 
;. her destruction. They are raising unawares, the axe which must 

1 finally give the deadly blow to their country, by causing the 

, bonds of friendship and feelings of brotherly love to be severed 

and trampled under foot by party spirit. But it may be said 
these are the shouts of exultation from a true and patriotic spirit, 
which burns within the bosoms of our citizens. Would that it 
were so ! Would that their shouts were those of a free and vic- 
torious people exulting in the downfall of foes. But, gentlemen, 
they are actuated bv otlier motives ; thev are hurried on by love 
of gain ; they are grasping at laurels, not green but golden ; at 
' offices, not praise ; at the pillage of the camp, instead of the 

glory of triumph. Let us cease to waste our strength in our 
( own destruction ; let us look abroad on the distant shores of the 

Atlantic, and find a subject of warning. Cast your eye on Eng- 
I land. Can your gaze rest upon that haughty power with forget- 

i fulness of her constant aggressions? See with what contempt 

she spurns our power and tramples under foot our sovereign 
i , rights. See the flames of the Caroline ascending towards the 

' heavens, and listen to the groans of our dying citizens. Is this 

a sight to meet the eyes of freemen ? Is it a sight on which we 
should gaze with a mild countenance and a heart unheated by 
^ the desire of redress ? No, gentlemen, it is not. The course of 

; England is fast passing the bounds of toleration. It must be 

checked, or the very heart of our country has reason to tremble. 



ADDRESS. 13 

In direct opposition to all right, she has one hand on California — 
the other on the Oregon territory. She styles herself the mis- 
tress of the seas, and claims it as her regal prerogative to search 
our vessels on the coast of Africa. She has even dared to take 
and set free our slaves cast by tempests on the shores of Ber- 
muda; she is now endeavoring to introduce the cotton trade into 
the East Indies, to the prejudice of our southern planters. And 
what are her motives for thus acting ^ They are to crush our 
power and grasp at our resources as her prey, when she shall 
imagine success beyond a doubt. How long are we to suffer 
this? Do we wait for new aggressions.^ We have now suffi- 
cient cause to feel that it becomes us to be united — in fact, the 
voice of prudence demands it. So long as we can with honor 
preserve peace, let us do so. But when the honor of our coun- 
try demands our arms, we should hearken to her call, and spurn 
that spirit of party prejudice whicii would close our ears against 
it. 

Among other topics recommended to our consideration, Wash- 
ington has inculcated in the strongest language, the dilFusion of 
general knowledge — a subject, fellow students, which elicits 
your most serious attention, especially in the stage of life through 
which you are now passing. You may, some of you, be called 
to the arduous yet honorable duty, of legislation ; all of you, at 
any rate, must take part in the choice of your rulers. Lay now 
a solid foundation in science, upon which you may hereafter erect 
wise and just laws to guide your country and build up your own 
fame and fortune. Bear in mind that those who now stand first 
in our government, and whose sole thought should be its v/elfare, 
must pass away. Tliey must leave their country to you, when 
they set out on the inevitable voyage to another. Who will 
then direct our state .^ Fellow students, they gaze on you. 
They look upon the educated youth of this country as those who 
are to fill their stations when they are no more ; as tiiose who are 
to guide their country safely and quietly, preserving our liberty 
and following the example of him who gave it to us. Let not 
their just hopes be blasted, and remember, in the cultivation of 
your minds and hearts, that you have a bright destiny in vour 
own hands. 

One word before concluding. — It is a matter of no little regret 
that the bones of tlie illustrious Washington should be suffered 



14 ADDRESS. 

to remain in the obscure place in which they now lie. Not long 
since we regarded with unfeigned interest, the removal of the 
remains of Napoleon from the island of St. Helena. A feeling 
of pride seemed to pervade our bosoms when reading of the joy of 
the French at again beholding their long lost emperor, and the 
enthusiasm of the guard which tore away the pall that covered 
the body of their beloved general. Well did Louis Philippe 
know, that the barren isle of St.Helena was too small to contain 
the relics of a hero, whose march all Europe could scarce resist; 
and with an impulse, perhaps founded upon policy, he resolved 
to accord a new tomb and funeral honors to France's only 
emperor. What has been the result? Millions of Frenchmen 
now yield to Louis a homage which they never would otherwise 
have paid him, and prayers without number ascend to the throne 
of heaven in behalf of the citizen king. In this act of the 
French there is certainly nothing exceptionable. For although 
Napoleon may have been, in the opinion of some, an usurper and 
a tyrant ; and although he sought only to gratify his own ambi- 
tion, reckless of the ruin and desolation that followed — still was 
he that miglity genius who made France what she was — the 
terror of the world. It was he who at the head of her armies, 
conquered nations, disposed of crowns and left a record of her 
greatness for ever to the continent which trembled and smarted 
under his sway. 

But if Napoleon be deserving of a people's remembrance and 
admiration, what is not due to that man, who was as far above 
Napoleon as the sun is above the earth ? In Washington are 
found combined, the qualities of the general, the statesman and 
the christian — the mind and the heart cultivated and developed 
in beautiful parallel and proportion. He gave honor to the 
United States, to the people freedom and happiness. Napoleon 
acquired glory for the French name and extended the boundaries 
of his empire ; but his march was marked out by the smoking 
ruins of nations and cursed by the conscripts whom he had 
dragged from their peaceful homes, to be played with as the 
"bloody dice" of his unhallowed game ; the proudest monuments 
of the arts and sciences were crushed or pillaged before his tri- 
umphant standard; and the shrieks of helpless thousands pub- 
lished to the world the story of their wrongs and his oppression. 
It was his downfall, not his will, which restored the spoils to the 



ADDRESS. 15 

rightful owners, and gave the fettered nations an opportunity to 
burst the bonds, which as a conqueror he had riveted upon them. 
The American gave liberty to his country, and extended its 
limits so that two oceans wash its shores ; yet in the accomplish- 
ment of all this, he gained the admiration of nations, both for his 
honor and his justice. His footsteps were followed by gladness, 
for he came to deliver, not to destroy. His path was that of the 
sunbeam, which lights and fructifies and blesses, not that of the 
lightning which glares but to consume. His death in the midst 
of his country's love, cemented more firmly the union to which 
he had given existence, and though he loosed the bonds of no 
other people, he set a glorious example to the oppressed. Great 
in his public career, great in the private walks of life, in every 
action the philanthropist and the patriot, he died as he had lived 
— his light sinking behind the horizon, but not extinguished. 
Such then, are the leading characteristics of these two men. The 
French have deemed tiieir chieftain worthy of the greatest honors. 
Will not the sons of America manifest their gratitude also ? 
The name of Washington is indeed engraved in indelible cha- 
racters on the heart of every true American ; and it can never 
be effaced : but still a visible monument should be erected to his 
honor. Let us hope that ere long the good people of this country 
will exert themselves for the promotion of this design. For him 
and his name it can do nothing. Time, when he lays his hand 
upon the marble which will crumble beneath his touch, will drop 
his scythe from the vain labor of cutting down the remembrance 
of the virtues which make the marble holy. To ourselves, how- 
ever, we owe it as a nation, that the capital which bears the 
name of Washington, should be consecrated by a testimonial of 
our gratitude and reverence. Let the vigorous hand of our 
republic gather the stones of a pyramid together, and over the 
ashes of her Father — "let it rise; let it meet the sun in his 
coming; let the first rays of morning gild it, and parting day 
linger and play on its summit." 



FOUNDERS or THE SOCIETY. 



W. A. BLENKINSOP, Irela7icL 

W. H. THOMAS, Maryland. 

GEORGE D. COAD, 

P. F. COMBS, 

W. M MERRICK, 

COR. COMBS, 

H. C.NELSON, 

D. A. SMITH, 

J. F. MERCER, 

G. J. WHELAN, 

WILLIAM BENNETT, 

J. H. WILLIAMS, 

E. J.ELDER, 

C. B. LAFITTE, 

CHARLES DIGGES, 

Y. C. ROCKHILL, Pennsylvania. 

A. C. ROCKHILL, 

S. LEWIS, 

L.LEWIS, 

W. H. DRAYTON, S. Carolina. 

H. RIDGELY, Delaware. 

J. C. DEVEREUX, New York. 

P. R. DAVIS, N. Carolina. 

A. DALLA COSTA, S. America. 

R. B. HOOKE, Mississippi. 

M.J. HOOKE, 

J. D. NICHOLSON, Louisiana. 

J. W. MILLER, 



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